Chemistry Notes – Module 7 & 8

Resource Description

Notes on Module 7 (Organic Chemistry ) & Module 8 (Applying Chemical Ideas)

CHEMISTRY MODULE 7 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

NOMENCLATURE
Inquiry question: How do we systematically name organic chemical compounds?

Investigate the nomenclature of organic chemicals, up to C8, using IUPAC conventions, including simple methyl and ethyl branched chains, including: (ACSCH127)

– alkanes
– alkenes
– alkynes
– alcohols (primary, secondary and tertiary)
– aldehydes and ketones
– carboxylic acids
– amines and amides
– halogenated organic compounds

Explore and distinguish the different types of structural isomers, including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, including: (ACSCH035)
– chain isomers
– position isomers
– functional group isomers

HYDROCARBONS

Inquiry question: How can hydrocarbons be classified based on their structure and reactivity?

Construct models, identify the functional group, and write structural and molecular formulae for homologous series of organic chemical compounds, up to C8 (ACSCH035) :
– alkanes
– alkenes
– alkynes

Conduct an investigation to compare the properties of organic chemical compounds within a homologous series, and explain these differences in terms of bonding (ACSCH035)

– analyse the shape of molecules formed between carbon atoms when a single, double or triple bond is formed between them
– explain the properties within and between the homologous series of alkanes with reference to the intermolecular and intramolecular bonding present
– describe the procedures required to safely handle and dispose of organic substances (ACSCH075)
– examine the environmental, economic and sociocultural implications of obtaining and using hydrocarbons from the Earth

PRODUCTS OF REACTIONS INVOLVING HYDROCARBONS

Inquiry question: What are the products of reactions of hydrocarbons and how do they react?

Investigate, write equations and construct models to represent the reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons when added to a range of chemicals, including but not limited to:

CHEMISTRY MODULE 7: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PAGE 2 OF 65
– hydrogen (H2)
– halogens (X2)
– hydrogen halides (HX)
– water (H2O) (ACSCH136)

Investigate, write equations and construct models to represent the reactions of saturated hydrocarbons when substituted with halogens

CHEMISTRY MODULE 8 – APPLYING CHEMICAL IDEAS

ANALYSIS OF INORGANIC SUBSTANCES

Inquiry question: How are the ions present in the environment identified and measured?

Analyse the need for monitoring the environment

Conduct qualitative investigations – using flame tests, precipitation and complexation reactions as appropriate –
to test for the presence in aqueous solution of the following ions:
– cations: barium (Ba2+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), lead(II) (Pb2+), silver ion (Ag+), copper(II) (Cu2+),
iron(II) (Fe2+), iron(III) (Fe3+) – anions: chloride (Cl–), bromide (Br–), iodide (I–), hydroxide (OH–), acetate (CH3COO–), carbonate (CO32–),sulfate (SO42–), phosphate (PO43–)

Conduct investigations and/or process data involving:
– gravimetric analysis
– precipitation titrations

Conduct investigations and/or process data to determine the concentration of coloured species and/or metal ions in aqueous solution, including but not limited to, the use of:
– colourimetry
– ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
– atomic absorption spectroscopy

ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Inquiry question: How is information about the reactivity and structure of organic compounds obtained?

Conduct qualitative investigations to test for the presence in organic molecules of the following functional groups:
– carbon–carbon double bonds
– hydroxyl groups
– carboxylic acids (ACSCH130)

Investigate the processes used to analyse the structure of simple organic compounds addressed in the course, including but not limited to:
– proton and carbon-13 NMR
– mass spectroscopy (ACSCH19)
– infrared spectroscopy (ACSCH130)