Core 2 – Factors Affecting Performance Summary Notes

Resource Description

Core 2 – Factors Affecting Performance
CQ1: How does training affect performance?

Human body requires a continuous supply of energy to meet the needs of its systems and organs and to power muscular contraction for movement
Energy stored in the chemical bonds that joins atoms is released only when needed
Efficient way of storing fuel because it is lightweight and occupies small amount of space
Chemical energy = energy stored In bonds between atoms
Mechanical energy = is motion or movement energy
E.g. Fuel required for runner to complete marathon would weight at least as much as the runner ? yet food weighing only a fraction is ingested prior to race
Transformation of food (chemical) to energy that the muscles can use (mechanical) is role of energy systems
Energy provided by food measured in kilojoule
Food digested ? breaks down into sugars/amino acids/fatty acids/substances useable as form of energy ? ATP or adenosine triphosphate produced representing the most importance in energy production
ATP is a high energy compound that stores and transfers energy to body cells, allowing them to perform their specialised functions, such as muscle contraction
ATP does not become waste product that is discharged ? it has ability to resynthesise
Three systems make the ATP available
The Alactacid system known as ATP/PC
The lactic acid (Is a by-product of the incomplete breakdown of carbs in the absence of oxygen
Aerobic
The ATP/PC system and lactic are both anaerobic pathways as they do not need oxygen for the resynthesis of ATP whilst aerobic system is oxygen dependant ? it relies on sufficient O2 in body cells
Called Energy pathways because they each supply ATP but use different processes to do so ? each has a way of resynthesising and partly destroying ATP ? how well it does this = its efficiency in energy production
Alactacid System (ATP/PC)
Initial energy system, anaerobically occurring during the first few moments of exercise
Residual supplies of ATP in body are very limited ? only enough for one explosive muscular contraction
Explosive movement caused ATP molecule to split providing energy for muscular contraction
Further muscle work relies on creatine phosphate (CP) breaking down to creatine and phosphate back to ADP so it can once again become a triple phosphate
Once reformed ATP can break down again and process goes on
CP supplies exhausted within 10-12 seconds and takes 2 mins to restore