Past HSC Questions – Belief Systems and Ideologies

Resource Description

Question: How do tradition and culture influence gender roles in ONE belief system or ideology? 5 marks

Intro: Belief systems and ideologies reflect the environment in which they are formed. Within these environments, shared values that underpin belief systems and ideologies arise, adapting to the moral and ethical values that exist within these environments. Therefore, belief systems and ideologies are usually adopted and reformed to suit a society’s original culture. However in some cases, religious values reflect the patriarchal ideals upheld within society to solidify issues in regards to gender and gender roles. In regards to Buddhism, different branches – such as Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism – perceive gender roles differently. Under Theravada Buddhism in Thailand, bhikkunis (females monks) experience gender inequality and this is also reflected in their laws. However, under Mahayana Buddhism in Taiwan, females use Buddhism as a way to exercise their agency, highlighted by the large number of ordained females. In this way, it is apparent that the dynamic and multifaceted nature of belief systems are adapted to reflect present moral and ethical values.