World Order – LCMDI

Resource Description

World Order – LCMDI

The Nature of World Order

The Development of WO over time;

• Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
• Concert of Europe (1815)
• Hague Conventions (199-1905)
• Universal Peace Congress (1908)
• League of Nations (1917)
• Atlantic Charter (1941)
• UN – 1945
• ICC (1945)
• Nuremberg Trials – 1945-1949
• Tokyo Trials 1946-48
• Korean War (1950-53)
• Geneva Conventions (1949)
• NPT (1968)

The Nature of Conflict; Intra and Inter;

The Guardian 2015: “Global armed conflicts becoming more deadly, major study finds” The World Bank estimates that 1.2 billion people, roughly one fifth of the world’s population, are affected by some form of violence or insecurity. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1986)
Prohibits any state that does not already have nuclear weapons from acquiring or building them → treaty is not binding Nuclear Ban Treaty (2017) Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963. The US and the USSR ended atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons with the signing of the
Election of George W. Bush (Jnr) as US President in 2000 Saw a revival of US interest in modernising its nuclear weapons and developing new types, and a weakening of the international mechanisms From 2008 and the election of Barack Obama as President of the United States Renewed commitment on the part of that country to pursuing a multilateral approach to nuclear disarmament and to strengthening the Nuclear

Non-Proliferation Treaty.
the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Review Conference in May 2015 Neither Russia nor the United States offered any hope of a reduction in their nuclear arsenals. According to Robert McNamara, US Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968, luck has been the major factor preventing a nuclear war in the past 70 years. Stuxnet- computer worm that destroyed centrifuges inside Iran’s natanz uranium enrichment site In November 2012 the EastWest Institute held its third Worldwide Security Summit, in New Delhi SMH 2017 “Nuclear ban treaty agreed despite boycott by US, UK and other major super powers Is the first multilateral nuclear disbarment treaty to be concluded Requires members of all ratifying countries “never under any circumstances to develop, test, produce, manufacture, otherwise acquire, possess or stockpile nuclear (keep them) weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.” Bans any transfer or use of nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices – and the threat to use such weapons.

• American civil war 1861-65
• Lebanon 1980
• Korean war 1950-53
• Vietnam war 1954-75
• Libya
• Bosnia, Sudan, Yemen, Sri-Lanka, Iraq, Syria, Ukraine
• The Vietnam War (1954–75) is a prime example of a much smaller force, the Viet Cong, using guerrilla tactics against the technologically superior US forces
• Dafur
• Sudan 2003 – 2009
• Hitler in World War 2
• Syria
• Rwanda
• 9/11
• Paris Attacks
• Sydney Siege
• London terrorist attacks in 2017
• Manchester Attacks
• Orlando Shooting

Access to resources as a source of conflict

CASE: United States and Middle East (Oil)

United States has so many military bases around the world (Middle East) ? TO secure energy resources for its economy, which is highly energy- dependent.. One major factor in the first Gulf War (1990–91) was the American fear that not only would Iraq succeed in its annexation of oil-rich Kuwait, but also that it stood poised to invade Saudi Arabia.

CASE: China
Fastest growing economy in the world, making great efforts to secure gas, coal, iron ore and oil contracts as well as food supplies in Australia and around the world, particularly in Africa.

Case: South China Sea Dispute
ABC 2016: Between the Lines- Shows China unfairly and illegally claiming land over others China will lose respect from the international community

The Guardian 2016: Beijing rejects tribunal’s ruling in South China Sea Case Ruled that China does not have sovereignty over certain outcrops of land as there was no evidence that China has historically exercised exclusive control over the water or their resources